Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point, and some have difficulties throughout their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at any stage of life. It can occur only in certain sexual situations or in all sexual situations.
The vaginal lining also becomes thinner and less elastic, particularly if you're not sexually active. These factors can lead to painful intercourse (dyspareunia). Sexual desire also decreases when hormonal levels decrease.
the girl have sexual intercourse
Psychological and social. Untreated anxiety or depression can cause or contribute to sexual dysfunction, as can long-term stress and a history of sexual abuse. The worries of pregnancy and demands of being a new mother may have similar effects.
HPV vaccination is recommended for 11 and 12 year-old girls. It is also recommended for girls and women age 13 through 26 years of age who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series; HPV vaccine can also be given to girls beginning at age 9 years. CDC recommends 11 to 12 year olds get two doses of HPV vaccine to protect against cancers caused by HPV. For more information on the recommendations, please see:
Ideally females should get the vaccine before they become sexually active and exposed to HPV. Females who are sexually active may also benefit from vaccination, but they may get less benefit. This is because they may have already been exposed to one or more of the HPV types targeted by the vaccines. However, few sexually active young women are infected with all HPV types prevented by the vaccines, so most young women could still get protection by getting vaccinated.
Almost all major religions of the world have placed restrictions on menstruating women, such as the prohibition of sexual contact (1-3). Undoubtedly, their views and rules overall have played an important role in how various societies and cultures around the world and through the centuries have perceived women, man-woman relationships, and the role of women in society as a whole.
II. Vaginal sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman could lead to an increase in the flow of menstrual blood (18), because the veins of the uterus are congested and prone to rupture, and thus are damaged easily. Some women actually notice that their period stops one or two days after sexual intercourse. This phenomenon occurs because sexual intercourse causes contractions in the uterus resulting in the menstrual material to expel more quickly and hence the menstruation to stop faster than usual.
IV. Vaginal sexual intercourse during menstruation is a possible risk factor for the development of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent, chronic inflammatory gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in sites other than the uterine cavity (19, 20). Endometrial lesions are primarily located on the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries but can also be found in the pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and even the brain (20). This disease affects approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women and 20% to 50% of infertile women (20). The etiology of the disease likely reflects retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, or both (20). However, it also involves a complex interplay of genetic, anatomic, environmental, immunologic and infectious factors (19-22). Common clinical symptoms include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (cyclical pain associated with menstruation), dyspareunia (pain with or following sexual intercourse) and abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility (21). In addition, endometriosis may negatively impact mental health and quality of life and for this reason, affected women may have an increased risk of developing psychological suffering as well as sexual problems due to the presence of pain (21, 23). There is controversy in medical bibliography about the role of menstrual sexual intercourse in the occurrence of endometriosis. Filer and Wu (24) found that infertility patients who frequently or occasionally engaged in coitus during menstruation were almost twice more likely to have endometriosis than those who did not report coital behavior during menses, while such coital activity was unrelated to PID. The authors proposed that this difference may be due to increased intrauterine pressure during orgasm, which assists in the transport of endometrial debris to an ectopic site (24). In a study (25) focusing on the belief that women with endometriosis typically delay childbirth, no association was found between orgasm and sexual penetration during menstruation and endometriosis. Another investigation (26), which was designed to examine if sexual activity and hygienic practices during menstruation are associated with an increased risk for the development of endometriosis, revealed that sexual activity, orgasm, and tampon use during menstruation may confer protection against endometriosis.
An estimated 200 million girls and women alive today are believed to have been subjected to FGM; but rates of FGM are increasing, a reflection of global population growth. Girls and women who have undergone FGM live predominately in sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab States, but FGM is also practiced in select countries in Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. It is also practiced among migrant populations throughout Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. (See more.)
A key challenge is not only protecting girls who are currently at risk but also ensuring that those to be born in the future will be free from the dangers of the practice. This is especially important considering that FGM-concentrated countries are generally experiencing high population growth and have large youth populations. In 2019, it was estimated that 4.1 million girls were at risk of FGM. This number of girls cut each year is projected to rise to 4.6 million girls in the year 2030. In 2020 and 2022, COVID-19 compounded the vulnerability of girls and women, especially those at risk of FGM. The pandemic has further entrenched gender inequalities, economic disparities and health risks faced by women and girls, and disrupted prevention programmes for the elimination of FGM and other harmful practices. UNFPA estimates that due to COVID-19, two million cases of FGM could occur over the next decade that would otherwise have been averted, resulting in a 33 per cent reduction in progress towards ending FGM practice.
Long-term consequences include complications during childbirth, anaemia, the formation of cysts and abscesses, keloid scar formation, damage to the urethra resulting in urinary incontinence, dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse), sexual dysfunction, hypersensitivity of the genital area and increased risk of HIV transmission, as well as psychological effects.
Infibulation, or type III FGM, may cause complete vaginal obstruction resulting in the accumulation of menstrual flow in the vagina and uterus. Infibulation creates a physical barrier to sexual intercourse and childbirth. An infibulated woman therefore has to undergo gradual dilation of the vaginal opening before sexual intercourse can take place. Often, infibulated women are cut open on the first night of marriage (by the husband or a circumciser) to enable the husband to be intimate with his wife. At childbirth, many women also have to be cut again because the vaginal opening is too small to allow for the passage of a baby. Infibulation is also linked to menstrual and urination disorders, recurrent bladder and urinary tract infections, fistulae and infertility.
Additionally, due to damage to the female sexual organs, sexual intercourse can result in the laceration of tissue, which greatly increases risk of HIV transmission. The same is true for the blood loss that accompanies childbirth.
FGM may have lasting effects on women and girls who undergo FGM. The psychological stress of the procedure may trigger behavioural disturbances in children, closely linked to loss of trust and confidence in caregivers. In the longer term, women may suffer feelings of anxiety and depression. Sexual dysfunction may also contribute to marital conflicts or divorce.
Several countries have passed new national legislation banning FGM and developed national policies with concrete steps to achieve the abandonment of FGM. Radio networks have aired call-in shows about the harm caused by FGM. The use of media to galvanize public opinion against the practice has helped change perceptions and transformed public perceptions of girls who remain uncut.
The Programme of Action calls for "Governments and communities [to] urgently take steps to stop the practice of female genital cutting and protect women and girls from all such similar unnecessary and dangerous practices. Steps to eliminate the practice should include strong community outreach programmes involving village and religious leaders, education and counselling about its impact on girls' and women's health, and appropriate treatment and rehabilitation for girls and women who have suffered cutting. Services should include counselling for women and men to discourage the practice." (para 7.40)
Most governments in countries where FGM is practiced have ratified international conventions and declarations that make provisions for the promotion and protection of the health of women and girls. For example:
Key Actions for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development calls for governments to promote the human rights of women and girls and ensure their freedom from coercion, discrimination and violence, including harmful practices. It also calls for governments to ensure health providers are knowledgeable and trained to serve clients who have been subjected to harmful practices.
Another worry about having sex during your period is the risk of passing on a sexually transmitted infection (STI) like HIV or hepatitis. These viruses live in blood, and they can spread through contact with infected menstrual blood. Using condoms every time you have sex can reduce your risk of spreading or catching an STI. 2ff7e9595c